Density and specific heat of carbon tool steel. Physical and mechanical properties.
Are you interested in the density, heat capacity and other properties of carbon tool steels from the supplier company AvecGlob? Here you will find interesting information on this topic.
General information
There are three main properties of tool steel — strength, wear resistance and heat resistance. Hardness is another property in tool steel, but its steel acquires in the process of heat treatment.
Strength is the ability of steels to resist cracking, chips or breakage. Strength is usually measured in the amount of energy needed to break down steel. Steel in its simplest form is very tough. As the alloying composition is added, steel loses its strength.
Low alloy steel grades will have better impact strength compared to higher alloy grades.
Working conditions
Tool steel is always in a state of constant load due to the action of another tool or working material. This constant movement can wear the surface of the tool. The tool must have some resistance to wear. Wear resistance is the ability of steel to resist erosion.
Wear resistance in tool steel is achieved due to the presence of carbides. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium are the four carbide-forming elements commonly found in tool steels. They are listed in the order of hardness of the carbides that they form.
Thus, tool steel with vanadium carbides should have greater wear resistance than tool steel with the same amount of chromium carbide. Many brands of tool steel will have more than one type of carbide to balance with other properties. The wear resistance test is not standardized, but the evaluations are always compared with each other.
Supplier — AvekGlob Company — offers at a reasonable price from the manufacturer a diverse range of tool steels that meet the technical requirements of the standards. The supplier guarantees the timely delivery of products to any address specified by the consumer.
physical characteristics
For the most common brands of instrumental steels of domestic production are placed in the table:
Basic physical and mechanical properties of the most common carbonaceous and alloyed tool steels
| steel grade | Physical and mechanical properties | Heat resistance, FROM | ||||||
| Density ρ, g / cm 3 |
Hardness HB |
After annealing | After hardening and tempering | |||||
| Hardness HB |
σ in, MPa | σ н, MPa | Impact strength a n 10 5 , J / m 2 |
Hardness HRC | ||||
| V7, V7A | 7.83 | ≤285 | ≤187 | 630 | 2000−2100 | 3.8 | 62−64 | 200−220 |
| V8, V8A | 7.83 | <302 | ≤187 | 750 | σ in <1950 | - | 62−64 | 200−220 |
| U10, U10A | 7.81 | <321 | ≤197 | 650 | ≤2380 | 0.2 | 63−65 | 200−250 |
| U11, U11A | 7.81 | <341 | ≤207 | 650 | ≤2900 | - | 63−65 | 200−250 |
| У12, У12А | 7.81 | <341 | ≤217 | 645 | σ in ≤1720 | 0.2 | 63−66 | 200−250 |
| У13, У13А | 7.81 | <341 | ≤217 | 645 | <2300 | - | 63−66 | 200−250 |
| 11X, 11HF | 7.82 | <341 | ≤217 | - | <2700 | 1.6 | 63−66 | 200−250 |
| X, SHX15 | 7.83 | <388 | ≤229 | 730 | <2300 | 0.5 | 63−66 | 240−250 |
| 9ХС | 7.83 | <415 | ≤241 | 700 | <2200 | 0.25 | 63−66 | 240−250 |
| HVHG | 7.83 | <388 | ≤255 | - | <3200 | - | 62−64 | 200−220 |
| HVG | 7.83 | <514 | ≤255 | - | <3400 | - | 63−66 | 200−220 |
| X6VF | 7.83 | <578 | ≤229 | 725 | <3150 | - | 59−61 | 400−500 |
| X12F1, X12M | 7.83 | <578 | ≤255 | - | <3040 | 2.95 | 63−65 | 490−510 |
Supplier — AvekGlob Company — offers to purchase various grades of carbon tool steels that meet the relevant technical standards and requirements. Products can be bought at a price formed on the basis of European and world standards of production. Implementation is possible in bulk and retail, for regular customers, a flexible system of discounts operates.