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Tool steels

Tool steels

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Technical specifications

Instrumental steels include those containing more than 0.5% carbon, and which are used for the manufacture of metal cutting, stamping and measuring tools.

GOST Steel grades
1435−90 Carbon tool
5950−2000 Alloyed instrumental
19265−73, 28393−89 High-speed tool
801−78 Bearing

Classification of steels (GOST 1435−90)

By chemical composition, metal products are divided into:

  1. — qualitative;
  2. — high-quality — A.

By appointment, depending on the mass fraction of chromium, nickel and copper, metal products are divided into three groups:

  1. 1 — products of all kinds, including cores, except for patented wire and tape;
  2. 2 — patented wire and tape;
  3. 3 — products of all kinds (including hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheets and tapes), the manufacturing technology of which provides for multiple heating, increasing the risk of graphitization, as well as increased hardenability (except for cores, patented wire and tape).

By the method of further processing. Hot-rolled and forged bars and strips can pass:

  1. a — hot working with pressure (including draft, landing), cold drawing;
  2. b — cold machining (turning, gouging, milling, etc.).

The quality and surface finish of metal products are divided into hot-rolled and forged:

  1. — 2π is a subgroup of a,
  2. — 3GP — subgroup b;
  3. — calibrated — to B and B;
  4. — with special surface treatment.

According to the state of the material, metal products are manufactured:

  1. — without heat treatment;
  2. — thermally treated — maintenance;
  3. — cold-worked — NG (calibrated and with a special finishing of the surface of rods).

Percent composition

Make Mass fraction of element,%
C Si Mn S P
no more
U7 0.65−0.74 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.33 0.028 0.030
U8 0.75−0.84 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.33 0.028 0.030
U8G 0.80−0.90 0.17−0.33 0.33−0.58 0.028 0.030
Y9 0.85−0.94 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.33 0.028 0.030
U10 0.95−1.09 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.33 0.028 0.030
U12 1.10−1.29 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.33 0.028 0.030
U7A 0.65−0.74 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.28 0.018 0.025
U8A 0.75−0.84 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.28 0.018 0.025
U8GA 0.80−0.90 0.17−0.33 0.33−0.58 0.018 0.025
U9A 0.85−0.94 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.28 0.018 0.025
U10A 0.95−1.09 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.28 0.018 0.025
U12A 1.10−1.29 0.17−0.33 0.17−0.28 0.018 0.025

Note. The mass fraction of sulfur in steels obtained by the method of electroslag remelting should not exceed 0.013%.

Abbreviation

The letters and numbers in the designation of the steel mark mean: Y is carbon, the next figure is the average mass fraction of carbon in tenths of a percent, and Г is the increased mass fraction of manganese.

Percent composition

Group of metal products Make Alloying elements,%
Cr Ni Cu
no more
1 V7, V8, V8G, V9, V10, V12, V7A, V8A, V8GA, V9A, V10A, V12A ≤0.2 0.25 0.25
2 V7A, V8A, V8GA, V9A, V10A, V12A ≤0.12 0.12 0.20
3 V7, V8, V8G, V9, V10, V12, V7A, V8A, V8GA, V9A, V10A, V12A 0.2−0.4 0.25 0.25

In the metal products of the 2nd group, the total mass fraction of chromium, nickel and copper should not exceed 0.40%.

In metal products of the 1 st and 3 rd groups, made of steel obtained by scrap-process, the mass fractions of nickel, copper and chromium are increased by 0.05% of each element as compared to those in the table. In a metal designed for the manufacture of cold-rolled strip, an increase in the mass fraction of nickel, copper and chromium is not allowed.

GOST 5950−2000. Marking

The first figures of the marking indicate the carbon content in hundredths of a percent. If the indicator is close to one, it is not indicated. The alphabetic composition means the presence of alloying elements.

8X2B2MFC2, 11X4B2MF3C2, 7X2BMF, 9X5BF, 3X2MNF, 5X2MNF, 4XMNFC, 4X3BMF, 3XZM3 °F, 13X, 8XF, 9XF, 11XF, 11X, 9XFM, 8X6NFT, 85X6NFT, 6X4M2FC, X6BF;

X12MF, X12F1, X, 9X1, 12X1, 120X, 5XNBC, 7X3, 8X3, 6XC, 9G2 °F;

9XBG, 6XBG, 4X4BMFC, 4X5MF1C, 4X2B5MF, 5X3B3MFC, 6XB2C, 5XB2CF, 6X3MFC, 6X6B3MFC, X12, 40XCMF, 9XC, B2 °F, XGC, 4XC, XBCGF, 4X5MFC, XBG, X12MF, X12F1, XBG, 5XNM, Steels 5XNB4XMFC, 4X5B2FC .

Chemical composition