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Samarium brand, chemical structure
General characteristics
Samarium is an element of the third group of the periodic system of the chemical. items where marked Sm. Highlighted were from the mineral samarskite. Belongs to the group of lanthanides. The atomic weight 150,36. Its content in the lithosphere is 8 g/t, and in sea water is about 1.7·10-6 mg/l. Its annual production of several hundred tons. It is isolated metallothermic or by the electrolytic method, usually from monazite sand by means of ion exchange.
Physico-chemical properties
According to its mechanical properties samarium resembles zinc in appearance — similar to lead. On the air, it slowly oxidizes, forming a dark oxide, Sm2 O3, until it turns into a gray-yellow powder. This is a fairly active metal having a positive valence of +3. Dissolves in acid, the air burns. With nitrogen it forms the nitride. With hydrogen forms the hydride, with the carbon carbide, silicon silicides, boron forms borides.
| Physical quality Sm | |
|---|---|
| Atomic (molar) mass, g/mol | 150,36 |
| Atomic number | 62 |
| Density [g/cm3] | 7,52 |
| The melting temperature t°C | 1074°C |
| The degree of oxidation | 3, 2 |
| The thermal conductivity K [W/(m·K)] | 13,3 |
| The heat of fusion kJ/mol | 8,9 |
Application
Testcustomermap and thermoelectric materials. Of samarium in the alloy with cobalt and other elements to produce powerful permanent magnets. In the alloy with Co, Zr, Hf, Fe, Cu achieved a very high level of coercive force and residual induction. GOST 25278.8−82 regulates the determination by complexone-metric method, the share of samarium in binary alloys. For Example, 35−40% Of Sm-Co. Samarium contributes to the management of nuclear decay. In comparison with other elements (cadmium, boron) having a wide capture cross section, it is in the reactor «does not fade», and it forms the background radiation isotopes with high neutron capture. Used as an activator in phosphors in color displays and designs of cell phones. It is used in liquid and solid lasers and electrodes starters smoldering bits.
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