General characteristics

Molybdenum is the 42nd element of the periodic system (chem. symbol Mo). Atomic mass = 95,94, t° melting +2620°C, density of 10.23 g/cm3. t° boiling +4800°C. This is heavy metal with a silvery white hue. At room temperature in the air is a little oxidized, to melting temperature with hydrogen practically does not interact, but when heated over 400 °C, easily oxidized in air. Molybdenum during the heat treatment is not hardened, but hardened by work hardening polygonacea, and the required mechanical properties of the products are achieved by deformation or annealing. He is one of those alloying elements which simultaneously not only strengthens the alloy, but also increase the corrosion resistance. In Japan since the XI century, molybdenum began to be used in the production of bladed weapons.

Chemical properties

Molybdenum reacts with hydrochloric, sulfuric acids only at 80−100°C. Nitric acid, Aqua Regia dissolve it only at 100 °C. In alkaline solution it is cold resistant, but in hot alkaline solutions slowly destroyed. Impurities of carbon, oxygen, silicon, aluminum, nitrogen, iron, sulphur, calcium, phosphorus, contained in the technical molybdenum, can significantly change its properties. The bulk of these impurities makes molybdenum more fragile. Most harmful of all impurities is oxygen. If it is contained in a volume 0,0008−0,004%, the low-melting oxides can lead to a sharp increase in brittleness of the material makes it impossible to plastic deformation, especially in the simultaneous presence of carbon with nitrogen. With increasing percentage of oxygen than 0.015% molybdenum is not handled the pressure due to brittleness.

Application

Molybdenum demand in technology in the form of refractory metal, which saves up to 2000 °C its strength. For alloying heat-resistant steels is consumed about ¾ of the total extracted molybdenum. It significantly improves the quality of the alloys, increases resistance, eliminates fragility. Alloys of this type are the basis of refractory corrosion-resistant structural materials for jet engines and nuclear boilers. Molybdenum wire is widely used in electric, electronic industry, is the manufacture of springs, cathodes, anodes, grids. Molybdenum wire (tape) is meant for input to the lamp electrodes. Molybdenum has a thermal expansion coefficient almost the same with glass, so it is used for soldered electrical contacts. It is indispensable for the electrodes of the glass tanks in the manufacture of optical glass, parts of high temperature furnaces. Compounds of molybdenum-sulfides, molybdates, oxides have become an indispensable component of glazes and pigments dyes, catalysts for chemical reactions. Molybdenum is used in the composition of certain micronutrients. MoF₆ is used for application to various surfaces of metallic molybdenum.

Molybdenum piercing mandrels are used for punching steel and stainless steel seamless pipes, drilling of special steels.

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