Alloyed tool steel. History and interesting.
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Chemical composition
The most common chemical elements in tool steels are those that give these steels strength, hardness and wear resistance under the conditions of constantly acting abrasive influences and technological loads. Exceptions are alloys for the measuring tool and templates, for which the main thing is the stability of the dimensional parameters. Therefore, as a rule, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, boron, and, more rarely, titanium and manganese (in high content) are usually present in alloyed steels.
Meteorite iron
The first case of doping is the use of meteoric iron in the manufacture of knives — the first metal tool that mankind has acquired. Meteorites are found to contain not less than 7… 8% nickel — metal, which, although it does not contribute to hardness, but provides the necessary strength from bending loads and shear stresses. It is believed that the damask blades contained molybdenum, which gave the weapon an increased viscosity.
XIX century
The Frenchman Muyette in 1871 received a composition containing about 2% carbon, 7% nickel, 9% tungsten and 2.5% manganese; which began to be used in the manufacture of lathes of lathes. The supplier Avlob offers to buy tool steel at a bargain price. The price is the best in this segment of rental.
The role of alloying elements
The main tasks of alloying steels of this class:
- Providing increased hardness, even in the absence of hardening treatment;
- Increase in hardenability;
- Increase of toughness;
- Provision of wear resistance in conditions of high frictional stress, mainly dry and boundary.
Alloying elements
- Chrome — increases dimensional accuracy and hardness;
- Tungsten — increases the surface hardness of steel, which does not depend on the temperatures on the contact surface;
- Molybdenum — increases resistance to crushing and — for hot-deformed die-cast steels — contributes to increased hardenability;
- Vanadium — improves the structure of steels, helps reduce the sensitivity of steel from overheating;
- Silicon and cobalt — increase the hardness and hardening effect of heat treatment;
- Nickel and manganese — improve hardenability (especially — for a massive tool, for example, hammer or press dies). Nickel, in addition, increases plasticity under dynamic loads.
Delivery, price
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