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Praseodymium brand, chemical structure
General characteristics
Praseodymium (Pr) is an element of the third group of the periodic system of the chemical. elements. Atomic number 59, atomic weight is 140.9. belongs to the group of lanthanides. Was discovered by an Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885), who was able to divide Didim is a rare — earth metal, previously considered a single element, neodymium, and praseodymium… the last Name means in Greek «twin» and «light green». The contents in the lithosphere of this item is 9 g/t. It is obtained from a mixture of rare earth elements. During extraction, chromatographic separation of praseodymium is concentrated along other light lanthanides, in particular neodymium, and then separated from the others by electrolysis or metallothermic method at a temperature of 850 °C.
| Physical quality Pr | |
|---|---|
| Atomic (molar) mass, g/mol | 140,9 |
| Atomic number | 59 |
| Density [g/cm3] | 7 |
| The melting temperature t°C | 903,8°C |
| The degree of oxidation | 4, 3 |
| The thermal conductivity K [W/(m·K)] | 12,5 |
| The heat of fusion kJ/mol | 11,3 |
Chemical properties
Praseodymium oxidizes in air slowly, but when heated up strongly ignited, forming a mixture of three — and tetravalent oxide. Ignition of praseodymium in the atmosphere are H2 or CH4 get oxide Pr2 O3. Under the pressure of 10 MPa in the atmosphere of O2 dioxide produced PrO2.
Application
Together with the neodymium-praseodymium is used to manufacture infrared lasers with a wavelength of 1.05 µm, and magnetic alloys. Oxide PrO2 is able to give the glass a pale green color. In small quantities monotelluride praseodymium is used to adjust the properties of resistance, electromotive force, strength of the thermoelectric alloys based on rare earths thermoelectric coefficient 55 µv/K. the praseodymium Alloy with germanium and silicon is superconducting material. Praseodymium is used in vacuum technology to increase the efficiency of the cathodes, as well as for the manufacture of magnetic cores, and alloying of steels, He is in demand in medicine, the manufacture of ceramics. Salts of praseodymium streamline management of nuclear magnetic resonance. In the alloy with non-ferrous metals produce the following types of rolled wire, circle, sheet.
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