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Erbium brand, chemical structure
General characteristics
Erbium — 68-th element of the third group of the periodic system, where indicated Er. It is a soft silvery-white rare earth metal belonging to the group of lanthanides. The atomic weight 167,26,. Was opened by the Professor of Stockholm University Mazandaran in 1843, He had isolated a new element from a mineral found near the village of Ytterby, on behalf of which the erbium and were baptized. In the lithosphere, its content is 3.3 g/t. it is Usually located in deposits together with the heavy lanthanides. Industrially it is obtained by electrolysis of molten ErCl3 with chloride salts of potassium, calcium, sodium.
Physico-chemical properties
Density 9,062 g/cm3, t° melting point 1529 °C, t° boiling point = 2510 °C. the positive Valence of +3. Has a hexagonal lattice with parameters a = 0,35588 and C = 0,55874 nm. MPC erbium is not more than 4mg/m3 in air. It reacts easily with oxygen, bromine, fluorine, iodine, chlorine with the formation of salts.
| Physical quality Er | |
|---|---|
| Atomic (molar) mass, g/mol | 167,26 |
| Atomic number | 68 |
| Density [g/cm3] | Was 9.06 |
| The melting temperature t°C | 1529°C |
| The degree of oxidation | 3 |
| The thermal conductivity K [W/(m·K)] | 14,5 |
| Molar volume cm3/mol | 18,4 |
Application
Laser and fiber optics, nuclear energy. Smelting of magnetic alloys of cobalt with iron erbium contributes to the activation of phosphorus. A mixture of oxide Er2 O3, and uranium oxide significantly optimizes power distribution, safety, technical and economic benefits of RBMK reactors. This element is present in the control rods of nuclear boilers. For the production of optical fibers, the quartz is added to a mixture of oxide Er2 O3. High-performance lasers also cannot do without oxide single crystals. Er2 O3 is included in the composition of the phosphors, laser glasses, special ceramics. The salts of erbium in demand for smelting special colored glass having high absorption rate of infrared rays. GOST 23862.22−79 regulates the determination of impurities of oxides of erbium method of spectral analysis. The same GOST specifies a colorimetric method of determining chromium in erbie. Like other metals, the lanthanides group of erbium produced wire, round, flat-rolled products.
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