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Tool steels
Carbon steel
Used for the production of hand tools for small hardenability, heat resistance, the following grades: y8, 10, 11, 12, 13, which are used for cutting tools such as milling cutters, drills, files, scraper, countersink. For the processing of wood, the brands y7,8 are suitable. They have one drawback, they work only at low speeds. When the heating temperature exceeds two hundred degrees Celsius, their hardness (U10-U12 — 62−63HRC) drops significantly.
Percent composition according to GOST 1435−99
| Alloy | C | Cr | Fe | Ni | Cu | Mn | P | S | Si | Impurities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel U8 | 0.75−0.84 | ≤0.2 | Basic. | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | 0.17−0.33 | ≤0,03 | ≤0,028 | 0.17−0.33 | ≤0.15 |
Alloyed stamps
9ХС, 11ХФ, 13Х, ХВСГ, Х, В2Ф. They are in demand for the production of tools whose maximum heating temperature does not exceed 250 ° C. Applied for processing materials of low strength with increased hardenability, but low heat resistance. The calculated strength of the processed material should be sv = 500¸600MPa, and the processing speed is five to eight meters per minute. Compared with carbon steels, alloyed are distinguished by greater hardenability. Mark X contains 0.95−1% C, 0.15−0.4% Mn, 0.15−0.35% Si, 1.3−1.65% Cr, 64−65 HRC.
The percentage composition of steel 9ХС (GOST 5950−2000)
| Ni | C | Cr | Mo and W | V | Cu | Mn | P | S | Si | Ti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0,4 | 0.85−0.95 | ≤0.2 | To 0.2 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.3 | 0.3−0.6 | ≤0,03 | ≤0,03 | 1.2−1.6 | ≤0,03 |
Fast-cutting marks
P6M5, P12F3, P8M3K6S, P8M3, P8M5, P9 are used for the production of high-speed tools. Favorably they are distinguished by high heat resistance, they have a high calculated hardness. The alloying elements are vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt, tungsten. Tools made of these steel grades, very strong, do not lose their resistance to wear when processing materials at high speeds and temperatures. Steel P18 — 0.7−0.8% C, 3.8−4.4% Cr, 17.5−19% W, 1−1.4% V, 0.5−1% Mo.
The percentage composition of steel P6M5 (GOST 19265−73)
| Ni | C | Cr | Mo | V | Cu | Mn | P and S | W | Si | Co |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0,6 | 0.82−0.9 | 3.8−4.4 | 4.8−5.3 | 1.7−2.1 | ≤0.25 | 0.2−0.5 | To 0.03 | 5.5−6.5 | 0.2−0.5 | ≤0.5 |
Measuring tools
Are convenient in processing and are stable in their sizes. Must have high hardness, resistance to wear, Hardness of steels for the measuring tool 12X1, X, is 63−64HRC. From them create all sorts of rulers and staples, scales and ranks.
Cold Deformation Stamps
They are created with an estimated high hardness, resistance to wear, increased strength. They have high viscosity and operational heat resistance. Such brands include 3Х2В8Ф, 5ХНВ, 5ХНМ, 4Х3ВМФ, 4Х5В2ФС, 4Х2В5МФ. For their processing, high-speed steels are used.
Hot Deformation Stamps
For their production, the brands 3Х2В8Ф, 5ХНВ, 5ХНМ, 4Х3ВМФ, 4Х5В2ФС, 4Х2В5МФ are used, which possess such properties as strength and viscosity. They do not lose their merits when working at high temperatures, they have an increased thermal conductivity, are resistant to wear and are durable. The calculated characteristics for 5ХНМ at a temperature of 500 ° С: sв = 900МПа, s0.2 = 650МПа, d = 20−22%, y = 70%.
Selection
Solid alloys VK3, VK6, VK10, T30K4, T15K6, T5K12, TT7K12, TT8K6, TT20K9 are produced by powder method using the latest technologies. For production, special additives are used — carbides of refractory metals WC, TiC, TaC, CoC. Alloy VK8 is suitable for rough turning. The same alloys can be used for any roughing, calibrating tube rolling, drawing, etc. Alloys such as VK15, VK10 are suitable for parts that wear out quickly. Alloys from titanium and tungsten are used for finishing and rough turning. They are also used for milling and turning of alloys. Their hardness is 92−87HRC.
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