Tantalum is heat resistant and refractory metal, melting point which is 2996 °C. It is ductile as gold, and at the same time solid metal is rolled into very thin foil. Tantalum has a number of valuable properties that allow a wide use of it in electrical engineering — high heat resistance, emissivity, ability to absorb gases, which enables to maintain a deep vacuum for vacuum devices.

The production of tantalum

Tantalum, its compounds do not form in the working area of toxic substances, and relevant to the matter of the fourth class of danger. Tantalum tape and sheet is produced by rolling semi shtabikov, which is produced by way of powder metallurgy (at the end of the carbon reduction of tantalum metal), sintering of the workpiece vacuum arc, plasma or electron beam melting. Tantalum tape is produced according to GOST 15515−70, with a thickness of 0.05−2 mm and the deflection to decrease to 0.01−0.1 mm thickness.

Tape in coordination with the customer with a thickness of 0.1−0.5 mm is made with a length of one hundred meters. This tape should have a smooth, clean surface, with visible weld seams. The mass of the tantalum ribbon sheet when density of 16.6 g/cm3 depending on the thickness can be in the range of 0.5 — 18 kg/m². The tantalum sheet dimensions: thickness — 5 mm, width — of 500−800 mm and a length of 500 to 2000 mm. the deviation of the length up to 20 mm Tantalum sheets can be dimensional, random length, multiple and non-multiple of 100. They are produced in accordance with the standards GOST 492−73. Since the quality tantalum sheets directly depend on the impurities, developed a special rigid standards for quality control. The proportion of the elements aluminum, iron, vanadium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, manganese, Nickel, copper, tin, chromium, titanium, zirconium GOST 18904.6−89 in pure tantalum should not be more than a tenth of a percent.

Application

Tantalum sheets are often used in machine building, aerospace, petrochemical. In metallurgy tantalum sheet can serve as charge — together with other minerals and metals. Using tantalum alloyed with the corrosion and heat resistant alloys. Because of the high cost of pure tantalum, which is due to the complexity of processing, production, it, usually used for cladding.

To date, developed a method of coating the tantalum layer large array of products of different thicknesses -crucibles, pipes, motors, leaves. Interesting fact — the strength of the tantalum coating Brinell составляет180−200 kg/mm2, and technical strength of tantalum in the form of sheets, annealed bars is only 50−80 kg/кмм2. tantalum carbide mixed with tungsten is a material having no alternative for drilling of strong breeds percussive-rotary method, and the metal working tool steels. Tantalum is used in the manufacture of ammunition as the metal shirts for cumulative armor-piercing shells. In aerospace engineering the most in demand was beryllide tantalum, because it is resistant to oxidation and is very solid.

The admixture of tantalum pentoxide glass used in experimental physics and nuclear energy for the melting of glass which will filter out the gamma rays. It is also used in electrical engineering in the production of high-capacity capacitors, and rectifiers. These capacitors use a tantalum pellet obtained by powder metallurgy, sintered and compacted under high temperatures. Active surface of the porous tantalum of the pill increases a hundred times, which gives the possibility to obtain high capacity at small dimensions of the capacitor. Tantalum capacitors are also used in military radios because they can operate in very extreme conditions at a temperature of -80 +200°C. the tantalum in recent years began to manifest interest and jewelers, as it is able to form a solid oxide film of different colors on the surface.

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