History of copper. Physical and mechanical properties.
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History and technical characteristics.
Copper has been known to mankind since time immemorial. Initially, man used native copper, but over time, there was a need for copper alloys. The bulk of copper alloys was used to make tools and weapons. So, according to historians, the Egyptian pyramids were built of huge stone blocks, which were hewn with the help of copper tools.
| Description | Notation |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Cu |
| Atomic number | 29 |
| Atomic weight | 63.546 (3 |
| Density [g / cm 3 ] | 8.92 |
| Melting temperature | 1356.55 K (1,083.4 ° C) |
| The molar heat capacity [J / (K · mol) | 24.44 |
| Degrees of oxidation | + 3, + 2, +1, 0 |
| Specific electrical resistance R (μOm · m) | 0.017 |
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Hydrogen Disease
If, in the presence of hydrogen, the copper part is heated, in which there is a nitrous oxide (Cu2 O), then as a result of hydrogen diffusion, the reduction reaction of Cu 2 O + H 2 → 2Cu + H 2 O begins. The resulting moisture vapor causes warping or cracking of the part.
Copper alloys
Siliceous bronze has increased hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance. Manganese bronze is characterized by wear resistance and increased strength. Manganese grinds the structure, due to which the products have excellent plasticity during processing and excellent resistance to cracking. Beryllium gives the bronze alloy exceptional hardness, elasticity. Nickel — increases ductility and electrical resistance. Aluminum facilitates the alloy, improves corrosion resistance, it is a non-alternative material for shipbuilding alloys. Tin foundry bronze alloys contain up to 15% tin, lead from 3 to 6%, zinc from 4 to 10% and phosphorus from 0.4 to 1%. Brass alloys are obtained by fusing copper and zinc.
Delivery, price
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