History of aluminum. Physical and mechanical properties.
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History
Aluminum-potassium alum has long been used for etching surfaces, in fabric dyeing technologies, and also as a flame retardant impregnation. Clays containing aluminum were also used in household items — amphoras, statuettes, etc. Aluminum in its pure form was obtained only in the middle of the XIX century. The first researcher who was able to get this metal chemically was Dane Hans Oersted. However, in 1825 there was still no precise technology for separation of impurities. In 1827 experiments on obtaining aluminum were started by the German Friedrich Wöhler. After 20 years of persistent research, the scientist succeeded in obtaining granules of silvery-white, light metal. Bayer and Hall proposed an industrial method for the electrolysis of cryolite melt. This technology is used in our time.
| Physical properties | |
|---|---|
| Chemical symbol | Al |
| Atomic number | 13 |
| Atomic (molar) mass g / mol | 26.98 |
| Density [g / cm3] | 2.7 |
| Melting point t ° C | 660.3 ° C |
| Degree of oxidation | +3 |
| Thermal conductivity K [W / (m · K)] | 237 |
| Molar volume cm3 / mol | 10 |
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First use of aluminum
Since outwardly the metal resembled silver, they were primarily interested in jewelers. The compliance of the metal and its ability to cover with other elements, in particular gold, led to the fact that it began to produce very complex decorations.
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