Reference about aluminum
general characteristics
AL is the 13th element of DI Mendeleyev’s table, widely distributed in the earth’s crust. In native form it is practically not known, but is usually found in the form of a number of chemical compounds. It has good anticorrosion properties due to the presence of a thin surface oxide film. But when, when heated above 300 ° C, the oxide film is destroyed — aluminum is corroded. World metallurgy began to produce it, starting from the second half of the nineteenth century, It is light, but not strong enough. To add extra strength to it add magnesium with copper. This alloy is called duralumin — it is widely used by aviation. In addition, other alloys are obtained by the addition of manganese, zinc, silicon, which, with the help of special heat treatment, are given the necessary properties, for example, increased ductility and corrosion resistance.
| Physical properties of Al | |
|---|---|
| Atomic (molar) mass g / mol | 26.98 |
| Atomic number | 13 |
| Density [g / cm3] | 2.7 |
| Melting point t ° C | 660.3 ° C |
| Degree of oxidation | 3 |
| Thermal conductivity K [W / (m · K)] | 237 |
| Molar volume cm3 / mol | 10 |
Production
AL — light metal silver-gray color, extracted from bauxite by isolation of its crystalline oxide by alkaline method. The ore is heated with caustic soda, then cooled — the hydroxide is liberated from the resulting liquid. Alumina is formed from it by melting. The alumina solution undergoes electrolysis. Through it, a powerful electric current is passed at a low voltage, which results in the formation of pure aluminum practically free of foreign impurities. The whole process is quite energy intensive. Therefore, large manufacturing plants are located near power plants.
Advantages
The indisputable advantage of aluminum is its low weight. Due to its plasticity, it is easy to handle, solder, weld. It has excellent electrical conductivity, well tolerates temperature changes. Due to the oxide film on the surface — resistant to rainfall, including the city smog. The average service life of products from this metal is tens of years. The possibility of recycling scrap — significantly reduces the cost of its use. And if the parts are treated with an additional protective coating or oxidized, the service life of the products is even greater.
Using
None of the modern industries today can not do without aluminum. From it make details of aircraft, helicopters, missiles. It is in great demand for the electrical industry, for wires and cables for a variety of purposes. The food industry produces from it containers, utensils, cutlery, foil. Instrument-makers — lightened hulls. Aluminum profiles are used for decoration of premises, they are used for making beams, suspended ceilings. Everyone knows the practicality of aluminum. Plates, pipes.
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