Letters in grades GOST and density of metals

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The density of steels and alloys

For the most common grades of steel and alloys the respective values are given in the tables:

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Principles marking of steels and alloys

In Russia and in the CIS countries adopted previously developed in the USSR alphanumeric designation system of steel grades and alloys according to GOST, letters, conventionally referred to as names of the elements and methods of steel production, and figures — the content elements. Letter designations are used to specify the method of deoxidation of steel «KP — boiling steel, SS — semi-killed steel, SP — quiet steel». There are certain features of symbols for different groups of steel structural, construction, tool, stainless, etc. Common to all symbols are the letter designations alloying elements: N — Nickel, X — chrome — cobalt, M — molybdenum, — tungsten, T — Titan, G — copper, G — manganese, — silicon, f — vanadium, B — boron, D — copper, s — aluminium.

The letter set at the beginning of the marking can be:

K — for designation of boiler steels;

With — to denote structural steels;

U — to denote non-alloy tool steel;

R — to refer to high speed steels:

W — to indicate the bearing steels

Stainless steel, non-standard experimental batches designated by the letters — index of the manufacturer and serial numbers. The letters EI, EP, or EK set steels, for the first time produced by the plant «Elektrostal», CHS — steel smelting plant in Chelyabinsk «Mechel», DI steel smelting plant «Dneprospetsstal», for example, EI-435, f-43 etc. To denote a method of melting fine-tuning the names of a number of steels complement the letters (for example, 13Х18Н10-VI), which means a vacuum-induction melting.