The history of the discovery of stainless steel. Physical and mechanical properties.
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XIX century
1820−1821 years. The English Stoddard and Faraday, as well as the Frenchman Pierre Bertieu, discovered that alloys of iron with chromium were resistant to the action of certain acids. However, they did not go further, because they did not understand how important the low carbon content is. In 1872, other British scientists, Woods and Clark, patented an iron alloy resistant to acids and atmospheric moisture, doped with 30−35% Cr and 2% tungsten. Continued to work in this direction, the Frenchman Brustlein, who understood the importance of the minimum percentage of carbon for stainless steel — no more than 0.15%. But only in 1895 Hans Goldschmidt from Germany developed the process of aluminothermy for the production of chromium without carbon impurities.
XX century
In 1911 the Germans P. Monnarts and V. Borchers established the relationship between the chromium content and corrosion resistance. They noticed that if there is at least 10.5% chromium in the alloy, the corrosion resistance is significantly increased. They also published papers on the effect of molybdenum on corrosion resistance. In 1912, Harry Byrrley, a leading researcher at Brown Firth Laboratories, received an order from a small arms factory to find a way to extend the life of gun barrels. The problem was that they were destroyed too quickly due to erosion. Bryirli set a goal to create an alloy that is resistant to erosion, and not to corrosion. August 13, 1913 Brayrli created steel with a content of 12.8% chromium and 0.24% carbon, which is considered the world’s first stainless steel.
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